This text has introduced the concept of the bid security and its different forms , compared these various kinds of forms, and also discussed the confiscation of the bid security , the bid security and the validity of tenders, the bid security and the down payment , etc.
本文介绍了投标保证金的概念和采用的形式,并对各种形式的优劣作了比较,对投标保证金的没收、投标保证金与投标有效期、投标保证金与定金等问题进行了分析和讨论。
Choosing confiscation as approach,this paper analysis its value dislocation because of lack of punishment function,and points out the emergency to construct the main-subordinate category system to response its subordinate position.
本文以没收制度为切入点,在制度性特征的基础上,分析了没收因惩罚功能的相对缺弱所导致的“价值错位”及从属性地位;并指出,应当确立起主从罚区分的处罚种类体系,回应处于“从罚”地位的没收;对于“从罚”的司法适用,应当遵循“与主罚并科为原则、单独宣告为例外”的规则,从而规范行政处罚的立法与实践;阐述我国具备建立这种主从罚区分的复线式体系的可能性与必要性。