The harmfulness of fixed tax system and insufficient tax source, in addition to Government practice of drinking poison to quench thirst finally led to severe taxes in Ancient Rome.
罗马帝国赋税苛重的根源应追溯到建立税制之初。
The word ‘diao had four meanings or usages relation to fiscal and economic policy in Han Dynasties: firstly, it meant ‘allocate and transfer ; secondly, it meant ‘purchase by government ; thirdly, it was used as general term of taxes and levies; and finally, it meant ‘exorbitant taxes and levies .
两汉时期与财政经济政策有关的“调” ,主要有以下 4种用法 :第一 ,表示调发、调度 ;第二 ,官府出钱采购所需物品 ,有时也称为“调” ;第三 ,作为赋税的泛称 ,“租调”、“赋调”频繁出现于史籍 ;第四 ,表示苛捐杂税。
Roots of Heavy Taxes in Roman Empire in the 3rd Century AD;
公元三世纪罗马帝国赋税苛重之根源
poor people groaning beneath/under the weight of heavy taxes
在苛税重压下的贫民.
The agriculture farm tax and excise tax was still heavy, aggravating the burden of the farmer consumedly.
农业赋税繁重,大大加重了农民的负担。
The adjustment of tax rates and the policy-making mechanism of taxation were indicative of important trends in land taxation policy in Qing Dynasty.
清代赋税日常调整及决策机制是清代赋税政策趋向的重要体现。
They groaned under the load of taxes.
他们在赋税的重压下受折磨。
The people groaned under the load of taxes.
人民在赋税的重压下受折磨。
However, some significant tax concessions remain.
但是还是保留了一些重要的赋税让步。
unreasonable exactions
不合理的苛捐杂税.
At that time, taxes and levies were as many as the hairs on an ox.
那时, 苛捐杂税多如牛毛。
a nation beggaredby crippling taxes
困于苛捐杂税的国民.
DEVELOPMENT OF NATION-OWNED MINE RESTRICTED HEAVILY WITH TOO MUCH OF MINE RESOURCE TAX;
矿产资源税赋太重严重制约国有矿山的发展
The weight of taxation bore hard on the people of that country.
赋税的负担沉重地压在那个国家的人民身上。
public demand theory
公需说(赋税理论)
The Sui dynasty's early demise was attributed to the government's tyrannical demands on the people, who bore the crushing burden of taxes and compulsory labor.
隋朝的迅速消亡是政府对人民进行残酷统治的结果，人民承担着沉重的苛捐杂税和义务劳动。
The French in their turn have, I believe, treated our goods and manufactures just as hardly.
我相信，法国也针锋相对地以同样苛重的税，加在我们的货物及制造品上。
On the movement of Nanjing Government's Abolishing exorbitant taxes and levies in the 1930s
论20世纪30年代南京政府的废苛减赋运动
The exaction was revived by Richard I.
这种苛捐杂税被查理一世加以恢复。
Added operating costs because of exorbitant taxes and levies as well as long pay back period
苛捐杂税多、收款期长增加营运成本